Best Shoes for Arthritis UK: Relief for Sore, Stiff Feet

Each foot contains 33 joints, making the feet one of the most common sites for arthritis to cause problems. The three main types of arthritis affect the feet differently:

• Osteoarthritis (OA): the most common form, caused by wear and tear on cartilage. In the feet, OA most commonly affects the big toe joint (hallux rigidus), the midfoot, and the ankle. It causes stiffness, swelling, and pain that worsens with activity.
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): an autoimmune condition that attacks the lining of the joints. RA frequently targets the forefoot, causing inflammation that leads to bunions, claw toes, and widening of the foot. Over time, the shape of the foot can change significantly.
• Gout: caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joints. Gout classically starts at the big toe joint, causing intense pain, redness, and swelling during flare-ups.

Footwear for arthritis needs to balance protection, support, and comfort. Key features to look for:

• Stiff sole at the forefoot: limits bending at the toe joints, reducing pain during push-off. This is particularly important for OA of the big toe.
• Rocker or curved sole: allows the foot to roll through the gait cycle without requiring the toe joints to bend. Reduces pressure on inflamed joints.
• Wide, deep toe box: essential for RA, where bunions, claw toes, and forefoot widening require extra room to avoid pressure and friction.
• Soft, seamless upper: reduces irritation on swollen or deformed joints. Stretch materials accommodate changes in foot shape and swelling throughout the day.
• Adjustable fastening: Velcro, elastic laces, or hook-and-loop closures allow the fit to be adjusted as swelling fluctuates.
• Extra depth: accommodates orthotic insoles and provides clearance over the tops of deformed toes.

A rocker sole has a curved profile from heel to toe, allowing the foot to roll smoothly through the gait cycle without the toe joints needing to bend. This is particularly beneficial for people with arthritis in the forefoot or big toe, where bending causes significant pain.

Brands that specialise in rocker sole footwear include:

• HOKA: meta-rocker geometry built into their running and walking shoes. The curved sole is subtle but effective.
• MBT: the original rocker sole brand, with a more pronounced curve designed for rehabilitation and joint offloading.
• Joya: a Swiss brand with soft, curved soles specifically designed for joint pain relief.

In addition to ready-made rocker sole shoes, NHS podiatrists can fit rocker bars to existing shoes. These are external modifications bonded to the sole that create a rocker effect, and they can be applied to work shoes and formal footwear that would otherwise be unsuitable.

Different types of arthritis benefit from different footwear approaches. Here are recommendations by condition:

Arthritis does not only affect the feet. Many people with arthritis also have significant difficulty with their hands, making traditional lace-up shoes impractical or impossible to manage. Accessible fastening options include:

• Velcro / hook-and-loop straps: the easiest option for people with limited hand dexterity. One-handed operation is possible.
• Elastic laces: convert any lace-up shoe into a slip-on while maintaining a secure fit. Available from £5 to £10 and easy to retrofit.
• Zip closures: side zips allow the shoe to open wide for easy entry, then close securely.
• Wide-opening designs: some specialist shoes open completely flat for people who cannot lift their foot into a conventional shoe.

Brands that consistently offer accessible fastening options include Cosyfeet, Sandpiper, and DB Wider Fit.

NHS podiatrists frequently prescribe custom orthotic insoles for people with arthritis. These orthotics serve several purposes:

• Offloading joints: redistributing pressure away from inflamed or damaged joints to reduce pain during walking.
• Correcting biomechanics: realigning the foot and ankle to prevent compensatory movement patterns that can cause problems further up the body.
• Reducing deformity progression: supporting the arch and forefoot to slow the development of bunions, claw toes, and other deformities associated with RA.

Custom orthoses are available free through NHS podiatry (via GP referral) or privately from registered podiatrists. When choosing shoes to use with arthritis orthotics, ensure they have removable insoles and adequate internal depth.

If arthritis is affecting your feet, the following NHS and charitable services can help:

• GP referral: your GP can refer you to NHS podiatry or rheumatology for assessment. Podiatrists can prescribe orthotics and advise on footwear, while rheumatologists manage the underlying condition.
• Versus Arthritis helpline: the UK's leading arthritis charity offers free advice and support on 0800 5200 520, including guidance on footwear and assistive devices.
• Bespoke footwear from NHS orthotists: for severe cases where off-the-shelf shoes are not suitable, NHS orthotists can design and manufacture bespoke therapeutic footwear tailored to the exact shape of your feet.